is framed by

http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy

as defined in OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology

version info
0.2.0
version
imports
Title
OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology
Description
OPINO is a DOLCE+DnS Ultralite-based ontology design pattern for representing scholarly opinions and interpretations in cultural heritage knowledge graphs. An Opinion is an information object that expresses a Predicative Content, a collection of Predications (reified claims). Each Predication is a situation with a subject, a predicate and an object, read through a claim-type Description and, where relevant, holding at a time. Epistemic status, confidence and certainty attach to each Predication, so the claims of an Opinion are qualified individually, or to the Predicative Content as a default for its members; the subclasses Assertion, Belief, Hypothesis and Conjecture classify Predications by status, and Reference marks a claim reported from another source. Argumentative relations (supports, evidences, conflicts with, negates, concludes that) link Predications, and hasAuthor shortcuts the provenance path from an Opinion to its author. Informed by the DOLCE epistemic layer (Masolo et al.) and the MITE observation ontology (Sanfilippo et al.), and aligned with HiCO, PROV-O, RDF reification and CRMinf. Developed within the INFINITY project (Horizon Europe, grant agreement no. 101233051). Competency questions with SPARQL queries and a worked example are in the documentation linked from dcterms:source.
Creator
Andrea Schimmenti
Publisher
License
Rights
Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).
Source
see also
Alternative Title
OPINO
Bibliographic Citation
Schimmenti, A. (2026). OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology, version 0.2.0. Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna. http://w3id.org/opino/0.2.0
code repository
Date Created
2026-04-30
Date Issued
2026-10-21
Date Modified
2026-10-24
history note
Successor of the working draft PINO (Propositional Interpretation of situatioNs Ontology, v0.1.0, 2026-04-30). Versioning restarted at 0.2.0 for the first public release.
image
Language
en
logo
preferred namespace prefix
opino
preferred namespace uri
http://w3id.org/opino/
References
status
Subject
cultural heritage
epistemic status
knowledge graphs
scholarly interpretation
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

is framed by
op

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy

comment
A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the Description that defines the kind of claim or claims. It is functional and it specialises dul:satisfies, whose domain is dul:Situation: a Predicative Content that is framed is therefore also inferred to be a dul:Situation, which DUL allows. The Descriptions are individuals of dul:Description, such as observation, measurement, classification or evaluation, defined by the application: in the Descriptions and Situations pattern the Description defines the type of a situation by its content, and claim types are individuals and not subclasses of Predication to keep the number of classes small. The kind of claim follows from its content; the attitude of the source is given by the epistemic status, confidence and certainty. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
satisfiesop
domain
(
Predicationc
or
Predicative Contentc
)
range
descriptionc
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
framesop
label
is framed by
en

@prefix ns1: <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

ns1: {
    ns1:isFramedBy a owl:FunctionalProperty,
            owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:label "is framed by"@en ;
        rdfs:comment "A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the Description that defines the kind of claim or claims. It is functional and it specialises dul:satisfies, whose domain is dul:Situation: a Predicative Content that is framed is therefore also inferred to be a dul:Situation, which DUL allows. The Descriptions are individuals of dul:Description, such as observation, measurement, classification or evaluation, defined by the application: in the Descriptions and Situations pattern the Description defines the type of a situation by its content, and claim types are individuals and not subclasses of Predication to keep the number of classes small. The kind of claim follows from its content; the attitude of the source is given by the epistemic status, confidence and certainty. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner."@en ;
        rdfs:domain _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41 ;
        rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^xsd:anyURI ;
        rdfs:range <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Description> ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#satisfies> .

    _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41 a owl:Class ;
        owl:unionOf _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b42 .

    _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b42 rdf:first ns1:Predication ;
        rdf:rest _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b43 .

    _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b43 rdf:first ns1:PredicativeContent ;
        rdf:rest () .
}


[
  {
    "@graph": [
      {
        "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty",
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the Description that defines the kind of claim or claims. It is functional and it specialises dul:satisfies, whose domain is dul:Situation: a Predicative Content that is framed is therefore also inferred to be a dul:Situation, which DUL allows. The Descriptions are individuals of dul:Description, such as observation, measurement, classification or evaluation, defined by the application: in the Descriptions and Situations pattern the Description defines the type of a situation by its content, and claim types are individuals and not subclasses of Predication to keep the number of classes small. The kind of claim follows from its content; the attitude of the source is given by the epistemic status, confidence and certainty. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner."
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [
          {
            "@id": "_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
          {
            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI",
            "@value": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "is framed by"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Description"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#satisfies"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf": [
          {
            "@list": [
              {
                "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/Predication"
              },
              {
                "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/PredicativeContent"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
  }
]
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf> _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b42 <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Description> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b43 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://w3id.org/opino/PredicativeContent> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b41 <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b43 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf> <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#satisfies> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the Description that defines the kind of claim or claims. It is functional and it specialises dul:satisfies, whose domain is dul:Situation: a Predicative Content that is framed is therefore also inferred to be a dul:Situation, which DUL allows. The Descriptions are individuals of dul:Description, such as observation, measurement, classification or evaluation, defined by the application: in the Descriptions and Situations pattern the Description defines the type of a situation by its content, and claim types are individuals and not subclasses of Predication to keep the number of classes small. The kind of claim follows from its content; the attitude of the source is given by the epistemic status, confidence and certainty. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner."@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b42 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://w3id.org/opino/Predication> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b42 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b43 <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "is framed by"@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
← Back to full documentation