has author

http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor

as defined in OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology

version info
0.2.0
version
imports
Title
OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology
Description
OPINO is a DOLCE+DnS Ultralite-based ontology design pattern for representing scholarly opinions and interpretations in cultural heritage knowledge graphs. An Opinion is an information object that expresses a Predicative Content, a collection of Predications (reified claims). Each Predication is a situation with a subject, a predicate and an object, read through a claim-type Description and, where relevant, holding at a time. Epistemic status, confidence and certainty attach to each Predication, so the claims of an Opinion are qualified individually, or to the Predicative Content as a default for its members; the subclasses Assertion, Belief, Hypothesis and Conjecture classify Predications by status, and Reference marks a claim reported from another source. Argumentative relations (supports, evidences, conflicts with, negates, concludes that) link Predications, and hasAuthor shortcuts the provenance path from an Opinion to its author. Informed by the DOLCE epistemic layer (Masolo et al.) and the MITE observation ontology (Sanfilippo et al.), and aligned with HiCO, PROV-O, RDF reification and CRMinf. Developed within the INFINITY project (Horizon Europe, grant agreement no. 101233051). Competency questions with SPARQL queries and a worked example are in the documentation linked from dcterms:source.
Creator
Andrea Schimmenti
Publisher
License
Rights
Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).
Source
see also
Alternative Title
OPINO
Bibliographic Citation
Schimmenti, A. (2026). OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology, version 0.2.0. Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna. http://w3id.org/opino/0.2.0
code repository
Date Created
2026-04-30
Date Issued
2026-10-21
Date Modified
2026-10-24
history note
Successor of the working draft PINO (Propositional Interpretation of situatioNs Ontology, v0.1.0, 2026-04-30). Versioning restarted at 0.2.0 for the first public release.
image
Language
en
logo
preferred namespace prefix
opino
preferred namespace uri
http://w3id.org/opino/
References
status
Subject
cultural heritage
epistemic status
knowledge graphs
scholarly interpretation
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

has author
op

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor

comment
A relation from an Opinion to the agent that authored it, shortcutting the provenance path Opinion - prov:wasGeneratedBy - Activity - prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent. It is inferred by that property chain and it should not be asserted. The chain goes through prov:Activity and not only through hico:InterpretationAct, which is a subclass of it, so it holds for any activity that generated the Opinion. It assumes that the agents associated with the activity are its authors: an activity with other kinds of associated agents, such as a software tool, would make them authors too, and in that case the authors should be stated with a qualified association instead. It specialises prov:wasAttributedTo, so that PROV consumers see the attribution. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and cannot be declared functional.
en
is sub property of
wasAttributedToop
domain
Opinionc
range
Agentc
property chain
wasGeneratedByop
o
wasAssociatedWithop
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has author
en

@prefix ns1: <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

ns1: {
    ns1:hasAuthor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:label "has author"@en ;
        rdfs:comment "A relation from an Opinion to the agent that authored it, shortcutting the provenance path Opinion - prov:wasGeneratedBy - Activity - prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent. It is inferred by that property chain and it should not be asserted. The chain goes through prov:Activity and not only through hico:InterpretationAct, which is a subclass of it, so it holds for any activity that generated the Opinion. It assumes that the agents associated with the activity are its authors: an activity with other kinds of associated agents, such as a software tool, would make them authors too, and in that case the authors should be stated with a qualified association instead. It specialises prov:wasAttributedTo, so that PROV consumers see the attribution. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and cannot be declared functional."@en ;
        rdfs:domain ns1:Opinion ;
        rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^xsd:anyURI ;
        rdfs:range prov:Agent ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasAttributedTo ;
        owl:propertyChainAxiom _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b9 .

    _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b10 rdf:first prov:wasAssociatedWith ;
        rdf:rest () .

    _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b9 rdf:first prov:wasGeneratedBy ;
        rdf:rest _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b10 .
}


[
  {
    "@graph": [
      {
        "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "A relation from an Opinion to the agent that authored it, shortcutting the provenance path Opinion - prov:wasGeneratedBy - Activity - prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent. It is inferred by that property chain and it should not be asserted. The chain goes through prov:Activity and not only through hico:InterpretationAct, which is a subclass of it, so it holds for any activity that generated the Opinion. It assumes that the agents associated with the activity are its authors: an activity with other kinds of associated agents, such as a software tool, would make them authors too, and in that case the authors should be stated with a qualified association instead. It specialises prov:wasAttributedTo, so that PROV consumers see the attribution. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and cannot be declared functional."
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [
          {
            "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/Opinion"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
          {
            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI",
            "@value": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "has author"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#propertyChainAxiom": [
          {
            "@list": [
              {
                "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy"
              },
              {
                "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
  }
]
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "has author"@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A relation from an Opinion to the agent that authored it, shortcutting the provenance path Opinion - prov:wasGeneratedBy - Activity - prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent. It is inferred by that property chain and it should not be asserted. The chain goes through prov:Activity and not only through hico:InterpretationAct, which is a subclass of it, so it holds for any activity that generated the Opinion. It assumes that the agents associated with the activity are its authors: an activity with other kinds of associated agents, such as a software tool, would make them authors too, and in that case the authors should be stated with a qualified association instead. It specialises prov:wasAttributedTo, so that PROV consumers see the attribution. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and cannot be declared functional."@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b10 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b10 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#propertyChainAxiom> _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b9 <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://w3id.org/opino/Opinion> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b9 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b10 <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
_:n05e38e3e681e41e3bf5572b0d4808b50b9 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
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