Aleatoric uncertainty

http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty

as defined in OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology

version info
0.2.0
version
imports
Title
OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology
Description
OPINO is a DOLCE+DnS Ultralite-based ontology design pattern for representing scholarly opinions and interpretations in cultural heritage knowledge graphs. An Opinion is an information object that expresses a Predicative Content, a collection of Predications (reified claims). Each Predication is a situation with a subject, a predicate and an object, read through a claim-type Description and, where relevant, holding at a time. Epistemic status, confidence and certainty attach to each Predication, so the claims of an Opinion are qualified individually, or to the Predicative Content as a default for its members; the subclasses Assertion, Belief, Hypothesis and Conjecture classify Predications by status, and Reference marks a claim reported from another source. Argumentative relations (supports, evidences, conflicts with, negates, concludes that) link Predications, and hasAuthor shortcuts the provenance path from an Opinion to its author. Informed by the DOLCE epistemic layer (Masolo et al.) and the MITE observation ontology (Sanfilippo et al.), and aligned with HiCO, PROV-O, RDF reification and CRMinf. Developed within the INFINITY project (Horizon Europe, grant agreement no. 101233051). Competency questions with SPARQL queries and a worked example are in the documentation linked from dcterms:source.
Creator
Andrea Schimmenti
Publisher
License
Rights
Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).
Source
see also
Alternative Title
OPINO
Bibliographic Citation
Schimmenti, A. (2026). OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology, version 0.2.0. Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna. http://w3id.org/opino/0.2.0
code repository
Date Created
2026-04-30
Date Issued
2026-10-21
Date Modified
2026-10-24
history note
Successor of the working draft PINO (Propositional Interpretation of situatioNs Ontology, v0.1.0, 2026-04-30). Versioning restarted at 0.2.0 for the first public release.
image
Language
en
logo
preferred namespace prefix
opino
preferred namespace uri
http://w3id.org/opino/
References
status
Subject
cultural heritage
epistemic status
knowledge graphs
scholarly interpretation
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

Aleatoric uncertainty
ni

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty

comment
The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from indeterminacy in the object or in its evidence, and that more evidence cannot reduce, for example the error rate of a classifier or of a measuring instrument. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is different from
Epistemic uncertaintyni
label
Aleatoric uncertainty
en
type
parameterc

@prefix ns1: <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

ns1: {
    ns1:aleatoricUncertainty a <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Parameter>,
            owl:NamedIndividual ;
        rdfs:label "Aleatoric uncertainty"@en ;
        rdfs:comment "The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from indeterminacy in the object or in its evidence, and that more evidence cannot reduce, for example the error rate of a classifier or of a measuring instrument. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty."@en ;
        rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^xsd:anyURI ;
        owl:differentFrom ns1:epistemicUncertainty .
}


[
  {
    "@graph": [
      {
        "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Parameter",
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from indeterminacy in the object or in its evidence, and that more evidence cannot reduce, for example the error rate of a classifier or of a measuring instrument. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty."
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
          {
            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI",
            "@value": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "Aleatoric uncertainty"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom": [
          {
            "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/epistemicUncertainty"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "@id": "http://w3id.org/opino/"
  }
]
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Parameter> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Aleatoric uncertainty"@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from indeterminacy in the object or in its evidence, and that more evidence cannot reduce, for example the error rate of a classifier or of a measuring instrument. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty."@en <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom> <http://w3id.org/opino/epistemicUncertainty> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
<http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> "http://w3id.org/opino/"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI> <http://w3id.org/opino/> .
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