OPINO - OPinions and INterpretations Ontology

http://w3id.org/opino/
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Classes 13

Agent
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

is disjoint with
label
Agent
category
starting-point
component
agents-responsibility
definition
An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
en
dm
http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n
http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Agent

Assertion
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Assertion

comment
A Predication whose source puts the claim forward as a justified assertion. It is a defined class (Predication and hasEpistemicStatus value assertionValue): the status is asserted and a reasoner classifies the Predication here, so the class is never asserted by hand. It exists so that claims can be typed and retrieved by the attitude of the source, and it is disjoint from the other status classes and from Reference because hasEpistemicStatus is functional and a Reference carries no status.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is equivalent to
is sub class of
label
Assertion
en

Belief
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Belief

comment
A Predication whose source holds the claim to be true as its own conviction, without putting it forward as a justified assertion. It is a defined class (Predication and hasEpistemicStatus value beliefValue), classified by the reasoner and never asserted by hand, and it is disjoint from the other status classes and from Reference.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is equivalent to
is sub class of
label
Belief
en

Certainty
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Certainty

comment
A region of the amounts of certainty that a source attaches to a Predication, for example an error rate of 0.05. It is a dul:Amount, following the DUL pattern in which a Region is valued with a data value (dul:hasRegionDataValue) and classified by a dul:Parameter that gives its kind (dul:isParametrizedBy). A Certainty is therefore a value and not a kind: the kinds are the Parameters epistemicUncertainty and aleatoricUncertainty, so that one Predication can carry, for instance, an aleatoric certainty that is the error rate of a classifier and an epistemic one that is a judgement of the scholar. Each Certainty belongs to a specific Predication. Example: c1 a Certainty ; dul:hasRegionDataValue 0.05 ; dul:isParametrizedBy aleatoricUncertainty.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is in range of
is sub class of
label
Certainty
en

Conclusion
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Conclusion

comment
A Predication that is concluded from another Predication. It is a defined class (Predication and isConcludedBy some Predication): a reasoner classifies a Predication here as soon as a concludesThat link points to it, so the class is never asserted by hand. It records the position of a claim in an inferential chain and says nothing about the quality of the inference or about the epistemic status of the conclusion, which are given on the Predication itself. Example: the dating of an object concluded from two stylistic observations.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is equivalent to
is sub class of
label
Conclusion
en

Conjecture
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Conjecture

comment
A Predication whose source entertains the claim as possible without enough evidence to assert it. It is a defined class (Predication and hasEpistemicStatus value conjectureValue), classified by the reasoner and never asserted by hand, and it is disjoint from the other status classes and from Reference.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is equivalent to
is sub class of
label
Conjecture
en

Epistemic Status
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/EpistemicStatus

comment
A region of the degrees of commitment that a source can hold toward a claim. It is a dul:Region, following the DUL pattern in which qualities of entities take values in a value space. Its values are the named individuals assertionValue, beliefValue, hypothesisValue and conjectureValue, and further values can be added by extension. It is attached to a Predication or a Predicative Content with hasEpistemicStatus. It is not a degree of belief (see hasConfidence) and not a source of doubt (see hasCertainty); the three are kept apart because a source may, for example, assert a claim with low confidence. The values are not ordered by the ontology.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is in range of
is sub class of
label
Epistemic Status
en

Hypothesis
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Hypothesis

comment
A Predication whose source holds the claim as the current best explanation, open to revision. It is a defined class (Predication and hasEpistemicStatus value hypothesisValue), classified by the reasoner and never asserted by hand, and it is disjoint from the other status classes and from Reference. Example: the attribution of a drawing to a workshop on the basis of a watermark.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is equivalent to
is sub class of
label
Hypothesis
en

Interpretation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Interpretation

comment
An Opinion that puts forward its claims as the outcome of an interpretation. It is a primitive subclass of Opinion with a sufficient but not necessary condition, stated as a general class axiom (Opinion and prov:wasGeneratedBy some hico:InterpretationAct SubClassOf Interpretation): an Opinion linked with prov:wasGeneratedBy to a hico:InterpretationAct is classified here by a reasoner, but an Interpretation can also be asserted directly, without recording the act or using HiCO. Using interprets on an Opinion also classifies it here, through the domain of that property. An Opinion with neither the act nor the type (for example one transcribed from a catalogue card) remains a plain Opinion, and it is not wrong or incomplete for that. Example: the attribution of a painting to a workshop, recorded as the outcome of an interpretation act by a scholar.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is in domain of
is in range of
is sub class of
is super class of
label
Interpretation
en

Opinion
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Opinion

comment
An information object that expresses a Predicative Content: a catalogue note, a passage of an article, an annotation or any other piece of information in which a source puts forward one or more claims about the object under study. It is modelled as a dul:InformationObject, and not as a situation or as an event, because what it describes is the vehicle of the claims and not the claims themselves or the act that produced them. As an information object it can be authored, dated, cited, reused and linked to other Opinions (for example with CiTO), the same Content can be expressed by different Opinions, and dul:expresses applies to it directly. The claims are the Predications of the Predicative Content, and their epistemic status, confidence and certainty are given on each Predication, or as a default on the Predicative Content, not on the Opinion: an Opinion may therefore mix an observation held with high confidence and a conjecture. An Opinion does not say that its Content is true. The act that produced an Opinion is a prov:Activity, typically a hico:InterpretationAct; when that act is recorded, or when the Opinion is typed as such, the Opinion is an Interpretation, and its author is given by hasAuthor. Its type, such as expert opinion or automated output, can be given with dul:isClassifiedBy by a dul:Concept.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is sub class of
is super class of
label
Opinion
en

Predication
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Predication

comment
A situation that reifies one claim by relating a subject, a predicate and an object, read through a claim-type Description and, where applicable, holding at a time. It is a dul:Situation, following the Descriptions and Situations pattern of DOLCE+DnS Ultralite, because a claim is a view on entities taken as related to one another: the subject, the predicate, the object and the time are entities in the setting of the Predication (hasSubject, hasPredicate and hasObject specialise dul:isSettingFor), and the Description that the Predication satisfies (isFramedBy) defines what kind of claim it is, for example an observation or a classification. Making the claim a situation, and not a plain triple, lets each claim carry its own epistemic status, confidence, certainty, polarity, time and natural-language rendering, and lets claims be related to each other (supports, evidences, negates, conflictsWith, concludesThat). This is what makes it possible to contextualise statements individually: an interpretation can be composed of several aspects, for example a measurement with some certainty and, based on it, a hypothetical classification with its own epistemic status. The subclasses Assertion, Belief, Hypothesis and Conjecture classify a Predication by its epistemic status, and Reference marks a claim reported from another source, which has none. A Predication is not keyed on its values and belongs to the Opinion that contextualises it, so the same claim stated by two Opinions is two Predications, each with its own qualifications. It is not an RDF triple asserted in the graph: the triple holds only if it is also asserted elsewhere. It is aligned with rdf:Statement by skos:broadMatch and not subclassed from it, because rdf: terms are reserved in OWL 2 DL. Example: 'Drawing D1 - created by - artist A', framed as a classification, holding in the 17th century, with the status hypothesis and confidence 0.6.
en
has broader match

Predicative Content
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/PredicativeContent

comment
A collection of one or more Predications expressed together by an Opinion. It is called Predicative Content to state that it contains Predications and nothing else: every member is a Predication (hasMember only Predication) and there is at least one (hasMember some Predication). It groups the claims of one Opinion so that they can be taken as a unit, and it has no logical force: it does not say that its members are true, that they hold together or that the source holds them jointly. It is a dul:Collection, and not a dul:Set, because it is a social object that exists independently of the truth of its members and of the fact that its membership may change as the Opinion is edited. A single claim is a one-member Content. The properties of a Predication that are not about a single claim, namely hasEpistemicStatus, hasConfidence, hasCertainty, isFramedBy, holdsAtTime and readsAs, can also be stated on the Predicative Content, as the default for all its members that do not state their own; hasSubject, hasPredicate, hasObject and hasPolarity belong to a single claim and are not stated here. Its triples can be kept in a named graph linked with hasGraph, so that they are expressed without being asserted. It is aligned with crminf:I4_Proposition_Set by skos:broadMatch, and not by equivalence, because the CRMinf class is not defined on the same distinctions. Example: the set of Predications stated in one catalogue record, all held as hypotheses with the same certainty.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is in domain of
is in range of
label
Predicative Content
en
has broader match

Reference
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/Reference

comment
A Predication that reports a claim made by someone other than the source of the Opinion, and that is discussed or used inside the Opinion as evidence. It has no epistemic status: the attitude toward the reported claim belongs to the original source, and the Opinion's source commits only to the fact that the claim was made. This follows the distinction of the DOLCE epistemic layer and its observation ontology between accessing a report, which registers the point of view of its author while keeping track of the source, and interpreting it, which embraces that point of view. It is a primitive class, not a defined one, and it is disjoint from Assertion, Belief, Hypothesis and Conjecture, so a Predication that carries a status cannot also be a Reference. A reported claim that the source also adopts is a separate Predication with its own status, linked to the Reference with supports or evidences. Example: the statement of a previous cataloguer that a drawing is by artist A, reported to be weighed against the watermark.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is sub class of
label
Reference
en

Object Properties 38

concludes that
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/concludesThat

comment
A relation from a premise Predication to the Predication that is concluded from it. A Predication with an incoming concludesThat is classified as a Conclusion, and chains of concludesThat give the inferential path.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
concludes that
en

conflicts with
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/conflictsWith

comment
A symmetric relation between two Predications that cannot both be held. The conflict is between claims, not between statements of the ontology, so it is not an OWL inconsistency and triggers no reasoning.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is super property of
label
conflicts with
en

evidences
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/evidences

comment
A relation from a Predication that reports evidence to the Predication that rests on it. It is a sub-property of supports; use supports when the grounds are argument and not evidence.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
evidences
en

expresses content
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/expressesContent

comment
A relation from an Opinion to the Predicative Content that it expresses. It specialises dul:expresses, whose range includes any dul:SocialObject and therefore a Predicative Content, which is a dul:Collection. Together with hasPredication it gives the chain Opinion - expressesContent - Predicative Content - hasPredication - Predication, shortcut by includesPredication.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
expresses content
en

frames
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/frames

comment
The inverse of isFramedBy: a relation from a claim-type Description to a Predication it defines. It specialises dul:isSatisfiedBy.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
frames
en

has author
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasAuthor

comment
A relation from an Opinion to the agent that authored it, shortcutting the provenance path Opinion - prov:wasGeneratedBy - Activity - prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent. It is inferred by that property chain and it should not be asserted. The chain goes through prov:Activity and not only through hico:InterpretationAct, which is a subclass of it, so it holds for any activity that generated the Opinion. It assumes that the agents associated with the activity are its authors: an activity with other kinds of associated agents, such as a software tool, would make them authors too, and in that case the authors should be stated with a qualified association instead. It specialises prov:wasAttributedTo, so that PROV consumers see the attribution. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and cannot be declared functional.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has author
en

has broader match
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch

is sub property of
domain
range
also defined as
is inverse of
label
has broader match
en
definition
skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
en

has certainty
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasCertainty

comment
A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to a Certainty that its source attaches to the claim or claims. It is not functional: several Certainty values, of different kinds, may apply to the same Predication or Content. It specialises dul:hasRegion. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has certainty
en

has close match
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch

has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
also defined as
label
has close match
en
definition
skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property.
en

has epistemic status
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasEpistemicStatus

comment
A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the epistemic status of its source toward the claim or claims. It is functional. It specialises dul:hasRegion. It describes commitment only; polarity, degree of belief and uncertainty are expressed with hasPolarity, hasConfidence and hasCertainty. On a Predication it also classifies the Predication as an Assertion, a Belief, a Hypothesis or a Conjecture. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has epistemic status
en

has graph
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasGraph

comment
A relation from a Predicative Content to the named graph that holds the RDF triples of its Predications. It is functional. The triples stay in the named graph and out of the default graph, so they are expressed without being asserted. OWL does not reason over the content of the graph, so keeping the graph and the Predications consistent is left to validation (SHACL).
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has graph
en

has object
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasObject

comment
A relation from a Predication to the entity that fills its object slot, 'object' being meant in the sense of an RDF statement and not as dul:Object. It is functional and it specialises dul:isSettingFor. It is aligned with rdf:object by skos:closeMatch, for the same reason as hasSubject.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
has object
en
has close match

has predicate
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasPredicate

comment
A relation from a Predication to the entity that fills its predicate slot. It is functional and it specialises dul:isSettingFor. The filler may be a punned dul:Concept standing for a relation or a property. It is aligned with rdf:predicate by skos:closeMatch, for the same reason as hasSubject.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
has predicate
en
has close match

has predication
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasPredication

comment
A relation from a Predicative Content to a Predication that it contains. It specialises dul:hasMember, so that members asserted with dul:hasMember and with hasPredication are treated alike, and it is the relation to use when building a Predicative Content. Together with expressesContent it gives includesPredication.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has predication
en

has subject
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasSubject

comment
A relation from a Predication to the entity that fills its subject slot. It is functional and it specialises dul:isSettingFor, because the subject is an entity in the setting of the situation. It is aligned with rdf:subject by skos:closeMatch and not by equivalence: rdf: terms cannot be declared as properties in OWL 2 DL, and an equivalence would make Predication a subclass of rdf:Statement through the domain.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
has subject
en
has close match

holds at time
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/holdsAtTime

comment
A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the time interval at which its claim or claims are said to hold, which is the time of the content and not the time at which the claim was made. It is functional and it specialises dul:includesTime, whose domain is dul:Situation, so a Predicative Content with a time is also inferred to be a dul:Situation. Put the dates on the dul:TimeInterval, for example with dul:hasIntervalDate. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
holds at time
en

includes predication
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/includesPredication

comment
A relation from an Opinion to a Predication in the Predicative Content that it expresses. It is inferred by the property chain expressesContent o dul:hasMember and it should not be asserted. Being implied by a chain, it is not a simple property and therefore cannot be used in cardinality restrictions or declared functional.
en
is sub property of
domain
property chain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
includes predication
en

interprets
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/interprets

comment
A relation from an Interpretation to the entity that it interprets, that is, the entity whose nature, attribution, meaning or other feature its Predicative Content puts forward claims about. It is a sub-property of isAbout, with the difference that it holds only for Interpretations, and therefore classifies its subject as one, and it names the entity interpreted, while isAbout also covers Opinions that merely mention an entity.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
interprets
en

is about
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isAbout

comment
A relation from an Opinion to an entity that it is about, in the loose sense of aboutness of dul:isAbout, of which it is a sub-property: the object under study, a person, a place, an event or another Opinion. It is the coarse, Opinion-level link, used to find the Opinions that concern an entity without looking into their Predications; the precise role an entity plays in a claim (subject, predicate or object) is given by hasSubject, hasPredicate and hasObject on the Predication.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is super property of
label
is about
en

is concluded by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isConcludedBy

comment
The inverse of concludesThat: a relation from a concluded Predication to a premise Predication.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is concluded by
en

is content expressed by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isContentExpressedBy

comment
The inverse of expressesContent: a relation from a Predicative Content to the Opinion that expresses it. It specialises dul:isExpressedBy.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is content expressed by
en

is evidenced by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isEvidencedBy

comment
The inverse of evidences: a relation from a Predication to a Predication that reports the evidence it rests on. It is a sub-property of isSupportedBy.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is evidenced by
en

is framed by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isFramedBy

comment
A relation from a Predication, or from a Predicative Content, to the Description that defines the kind of claim or claims. It is functional and it specialises dul:satisfies, whose domain is dul:Situation: a Predicative Content that is framed is therefore also inferred to be a dul:Situation, which DUL allows. The Descriptions are individuals of dul:Description, such as observation, measurement, classification or evaluation, defined by the application: in the Descriptions and Situations pattern the Description defines the type of a situation by its content, and claim types are individuals and not subclasses of Predication to keep the number of classes small. The kind of claim follows from its content; the attitude of the source is given by the epistemic status, confidence and certainty. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is framed by
en

is included in opinion
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isIncludedInOpinion

comment
The inverse of includesPredication: a relation from a Predication to an Opinion whose Predicative Content includes it. It is inferred and it should not be asserted.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is included in opinion
en

is interpreted in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isInterpretedIn

comment
The inverse of interprets: a relation from an entity to an Interpretation that interprets it.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is interpreted in
en

is negated by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isNegatedBy

comment
The inverse of negates: a relation from a Predication to a Predication that states its negation. It is a sub-property of conflictsWith.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is negated by
en

is object of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isObjectOf

comment
The inverse of hasObject: a relation from an entity to a Predication in which it fills the object slot. It specialises dul:hasSetting.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is object of
en

is predicate of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isPredicateOf

comment
The inverse of hasPredicate: a relation from an entity to a Predication in which it fills the predicate slot. It specialises dul:hasSetting.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is predicate of
en

is subject of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isSubjectOf

comment
The inverse of hasSubject: a relation from an entity to a Predication in which it fills the subject slot. It specialises dul:hasSetting and it lets the claims about an entity be retrieved from the entity.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
is subject of
en

is supported by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/isSupportedBy

comment
The inverse of supports: a relation from a Predication to a Predication that gives grounds for it.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
is super property of
label
is supported by
en

logo
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo

comment
A logo representing some thing.
has Characteristics
domain
range
also defined as
label
logo
term status
testing

negates
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/negates

comment
A relation from a Predication to the Predication whose negation it states. It is a sub-property of conflictsWith. Use hasPolarity for a single Predication stating that a relation does not hold; use negates for two Predications in explicit opposition.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
label
negates
en

relates to predication
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/relatesToPredication

comment
The most general relation between two Predications: it is the super-property of every OPINO property that connects a Predication to another Predication, namely supports, isSupportedBy, evidences, isEvidencedBy, conflictsWith, negates, isNegatedBy, concludesThat and isConcludedBy (evidences, isEvidencedBy, negates and isNegatedBy through their own super-properties). It is used to query for any link between Predications without choosing the kind of link, and it is not meant to be asserted: assert the specific property. It is neither symmetric nor transitive, because some of its sub-properties are directed and neither inference would be sound for them. Membership of a Predication in a Predicative Content is not covered by it, because that relation holds between a Content and a Predication (hasPredication).
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
relates to predication
en

status
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

comment
The publication status of (typically academic) content.
en
domain
also defined as
is defined by
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/
label
status
en
editorial note
We are not defining, using an enumeration, the range of the bibo:status to the defined list of bibo:DocumentStatus. We won't do it because we want people to be able to define new status if needed by some special usecases. Creating such an enumeration would restrict this to happen.
en
term status
stable

supports
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/supports

comment
A relation from a Predication to another Predication for which it gives grounds. It is an argumentative link between Predications, inside or across Contents, and it records how the claims relate, not which source argued it. Links between Opinions (agreement, citation) are expressed with CiTO, not here.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is inverse of
is super property of
label
supports
en

wasAssociatedWith
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith

comment
An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
label
wasAssociatedWith
category
starting-point
component
agents-responsibility
inverse
wasAssociateFor

wasAttributedTo
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo

comment
Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is super property of
label
wasAttributedTo
category
starting-point
component
agents-responsibility
definition
Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
en
inverse
contributed

wasGeneratedBy
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy

is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
label
wasGeneratedBy
category
starting-point
component
entities-activities
inverse
generated

Data Properties 3

has confidence
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasConfidence

comment
A data property giving the degree of belief, between 0 and 1, that a source assigns to a claim, on a Predication, or to all the claims of a Predicative Content. It is functional: one confidence per Predication or Content. It is distinct from the epistemic status (the kind of commitment) and from hasCertainty (the kind and amount of uncertainty). The 0-1 bound is left to validation (SHACL) so that the range stays a plain datatype. Stated on a Predicative Content, the value is the default for every member that does not state its own; OWL cannot express a default that a member may override, so it is resolved in queries (see the competency questions) and not by the reasoner.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has confidence
en

has polarity
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hasPolarity

comment
A data property giving the polarity of a Predication: true if its claim holds, false if its claim is denied. It is functional. A false polarity is a denial inside the claim; it is not the rejection of a claim by another Opinion, for which negates and conflictsWith are used.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
has polarity
en

reads as
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/readsAs

comment
A data property giving a natural-language rendering of a claim, on a Predication, or of all the claims of a Predicative Content taken together, for example 'The drawing was made in the 17th century'@en. It is not functional: give one rendering per language, with a language tag. It is for documentation only: queries and reasoning over the claim use hasSubject, hasPredicate and hasObject, and no derivation is claimed between the string and that structure; keeping them in step is left to the data producer or to validation (SHACL). The range is rdf:PlainLiteral and not xsd:string, so that language-tagged strings are well-typed in OWL 2.
en
is sub property of
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
reads as
en

Named Individuals 6

Aleatoric uncertainty
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/aleatoricUncertainty

comment
The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from indeterminacy in the object or in its evidence, and that more evidence cannot reduce, for example the error rate of a classifier or of a measuring instrument. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is different from
label
Aleatoric uncertainty
en

Assertion value
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/assertionValue

comment
The epistemic status of a source that holds the claim as a considered position backed by sufficient evidence and puts it forward as a justified assertion. It is the strongest of the statuses and it is not a statement that the claim is true: it describes the attitude of the source, not the world.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
Assertion value
en

Belief value
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/beliefValue

comment
The epistemic status of a source that holds the claim to be true as its own conviction, without putting it forward as a justified assertion that others can challenge. It describes the attitude of the source and not the world, and the ontology does not order it against the other statuses.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
Belief value
en

Conjecture value
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/conjectureValue

comment
The epistemic status of a source that entertains the claim as possible, aiming at the truth but without enough evidence to assert it and acknowledging possible counterevidence. It is the weakest of the statuses.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
Conjecture value
en

Epistemic uncertainty
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/epistemicUncertainty

comment
The Parameter for uncertainty that comes from missing or insufficient knowledge, and that more evidence could therefore reduce. It is a dul:Parameter, that is, the kind of a Certainty and not a value: use it as the filler of dul:isParametrizedBy on a Certainty.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
is different from
label
Epistemic uncertainty
en

Hypothesis value
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/opino/hypothesisValue

comment
The epistemic status of a source that holds the claim as the current best explanation, open to revision. It is weaker than an assertion and stronger than a conjecture.
en
is defined by
http://w3id.org/opino/
label
Hypothesis value
en

Annotation Properties 28

Alternative Title
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/alternative

comment
An alternative name for the resource.
en
is sub property of
range
label
Alternative Title
en
Date Issued
2000-07-11
Description
The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
en

Bibliographic Citation
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

comment
A bibliographic reference for the resource.
en
is sub property of
range
label
Bibliographic Citation
en
Date Issued
2003-02-15
Description
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
en

code repository
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeRepository

Creator
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

comment
An entity responsible for making the resource.
en
is sub property of
is equivalent to
label
Creator
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
Recommended practice is to identify the creator with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value that identifies the creator may be provided.
en
range includes

Date Created
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

comment
Date of creation of the resource.
en
is sub property of
range
label
Date Created
en
Date Issued
2000-07-11
Description
Recommended practice is to describe the date, date/time, or period of time as recommended for the property Date, of which this is a subproperty.
en

Date Issued
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

comment
Date of formal issuance of the resource.
en
is sub property of
range
label
Date Issued
en
Date Issued
2000-07-11
Description
Recommended practice is to describe the date, date/time, or period of time as recommended for the property Date, of which this is a subproperty.
en

Date Modified
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

comment
Date on which the resource was changed.
en
is sub property of
range
label
Date Modified
en
Date Issued
2000-07-11
Description
Recommended practice is to describe the date, date/time, or period of time as recommended for the property Date, of which this is a subproperty.
en

definition
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

is sub property of
label
definition
en
definition
A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept.
en

Description
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

comment
An account of the resource.
en
is sub property of
label
Description
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
en

editorial note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#editorialNote

is sub property of
label
editorial note
en
definition
A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary.
en

example
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example

is sub property of
label
example
en
definition
An example of the use of a concept.
en

has broader match
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch

is sub property of
also defined as
label
has broader match
en

has close match
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch

is sub property of
also defined as
label
has close match
en

history note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#historyNote

is sub property of
label
history note
en
definition
A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept.
en

image
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/image

Language
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

comment
A language of the resource.
en
is sub property of
label
Language
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
Recommended practice is to use either a non-literal value representing a language from a controlled vocabulary such as ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-3, or a literal value consisting of an IETF Best Current Practice 47 [[IETF-BCP47](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)] language tag.
en
range includes

License
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

comment
A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
en
is sub property of
label
License
en
Date Issued
2004-06-14
Description
Recommended practice is to identify the license document with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value that identifies the license may be provided.
en
range includes

logo
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo

comment
A logo representing some thing.
domain
range
also defined as
label
logo

preferred namespace prefix
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred namespace uri
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

Publisher
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

comment
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
en
is sub property of
label
Publisher
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
range includes

References
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/references

comment
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
en
is sub property of
label
References
en
Date Issued
2000-07-11
Description
This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By.
en

Rights
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights

comment
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
en
is sub property of
is super property of
label
Rights
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights. Recommended practice is to refer to a rights statement with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value (name, label, or short text) may be provided.
en
range includes

scope note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote

is sub property of
label
scope note
en
definition
A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept.
en

Source
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

comment
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
en
is sub property of
label
Source
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a URI or a string conforming to a formal identification system.
en

status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

comment
The publication status of (typically academic) content.
en
domain
also defined as
is defined by
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/
label
status
en

Subject
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject

comment
A topic of the resource.
en
is sub property of
label
Subject
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14
Description
Recommended practice is to refer to the subject with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value that identifies the subject may be provided. Both should preferably refer to a subject in a controlled vocabulary.
en

Title
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

comment
A name given to the resource.
en
is sub property of
range
is super property of
label
Title
en
Date Issued
2008-01-14

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

brick
https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick#
csvw
http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcam
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/
dcat
http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
dcmitype
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
doap
http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#
foaf
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
geo
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
odrl
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
org
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prof
http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
qb
http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema
https://schema.org/
sh
http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
sosa
http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/
ssn
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
time
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
void
http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
wgs
https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
xml
http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#